Nevertheless, the Spanish wheat flour manufacture has maintained a stable export level which moves between 6% and 7% of total production.

Manufacture of soft wheat flour in Spain has been growing gradually in the last years and it is mainly for domestic market, because it is enough to cover human soft wheat consumption in the country. This is reason for the importance of this group of food. 3 All cereal derived products are rich in carbohydrates, and therefore, the base of a well-balanced and healthy diet. 4 Generally speaking, cereals are necessary for a healthy diet and nowadays a diary consumption of a media between 4 and 6 portions of cereals derived products is recommended due to their content in fibre, trace minerals and vitamins, which are supposed to prevent various diseases. Wheat flour is the irreplaceable raw material of a group of basic and essential food in a balanced diet like bread, pastries and cookies 2 as well as pizzas, sponge cakes and other starchy products. Nowadays, more than wheat itself, its derived products are especially relevant, from which wheat flour is the one to be stood out.

It is mostly used for bread manufacture in Europe and contains more fat, starch, iron, phosphorus and vitamin B than hard wheat. On the other hand, soft wheat can be cultivated in hot or temperate areas and, when it breaks, the grain is harder at edge than in the middle, where it is floury. Hard wheat is usually used for manufacture of diet pastries in Europe, mostly cultivated in dry areas and richer in proteins, water and calcium than soft wheat. Most of the cultivated varieties of wheat can be classified depending on their usefulness, but among them hard wheat (Triticum durum) and soft wheat (Triticum aestivum) are the most important. The main producers are China, European Union, India and the USA. Today it highly contributes to the economy and the social structure of a country. 3 Cultivation of wheat dates back to antiquity, when its harvest was essential for human diet. Together with rice it is the basic food of 4/5 parts of the world population. Among them, wheat is one of the most consumed 2 and spread. Concerning human diet, the most important cereals are wheat (Titicum), rice (Oryza sativa), oats (Avena sativa), barley (Ordeum vulgare), rye (Secale cereale), corn (Zea mays) and millet (Panicum miliaceum) 1. PTWI: Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake.Д¬ereals are the main source of food in many countries. NIST: National Institute of Standard and Technology. Ingesta.ДЇAO/WHO: Food and Agriculture Organization/ World Health Organization. La contribuciГіn de las PTWIs para el Cd y Pb fue muy baja, lo que demuestra la seguridad de estas harinas en relaciГіn con estos metales tГіxicos.

Se determinГі la ingesta diaria estimada de cada metal y su contribuciГіn porcentual a las IDRs (macro y microelementos) y a las PTWIs (elementos tГіxicos). Se analizaron los macroelementos sodio, potasio, magnesio y calcio, los microelementos manganeso, hierro, cobre, zinc, cromo y nГquel y los elementos traza tГіxicos cadmio y plomo. En este trabajo nos hemos propuesto estudiar y determinar el contenido de doce metales en 50 muestras de harina de trigo procedentes de una industria harinera. Por ello, la seguridad de las harinas como materias primas de todas las industrias de panaderГa, bollerГa y reposterГa es de sumo interГ©s nutricional y toxicolГіgico. La industria de los cereales y sus derivados tiene una gran importancia econГіmica y social en todo el mundo. Contribution of Cd and Pb to the PTWI was very low, a fact that shows safety in this wheat flour concerning toxic metals. The estimated diary intake of each metal and their contribution in percentage terms to the RDI (macro and micro elements) and to the PTWI (toxic elements) has been determined. Macro elements sodium, potassium magnesium and calcium, micro elements manganese, iron, copper, zinc, chrome and nickel as well as toxic trace elements cadmium and lead have been analysed. In this investigation we intend to study and determine the content of twelve metals in 50 samples of wheat flour coming from a wheat flour industry. Therefore, as wheat flour is a commodity for all bread and bakery industry, it is safety is of high nutrition and toxicological interest. Spain.Д¬ereal industry and its derived products have a big economic and social importance worldwide. Spain.ДўHealth Inspection and Laboratory Service. GutiГ©rrez 1, Carmen Rubio 1 and Arturo Hardisson 1ДЎDepartment of Toxicology. Luis 1, Dailos GonzГЎlez-Weller 2, JosГ© M. Metales en harina de trigo estudio comparativo y control de su seguridad Metals in wheat flour comparative study and safety control

Arina de trigo